For many people in their 50s and early 60s, retirement is no longer a distant goal—it’s an approaching reality. While planning for income, healthcare, and lifestyle is crucial, one often overlooked aspect is taxes. How you manage your taxes now and in retirement can have a significant impact on how far your savings will go. Here’s what you need to know to reduce your tax burden both before and during retirement.
1. Take Advantage of Catch-Up Contributions
Once you hit 50, you become eligible for “catch-up” contributions to retirement accounts. In 2025, this means an extra $7,500 for a 401(k) and $1,000 for an IRA, on top of the standard limits. These contributions are tax-deductible, reducing your taxable income today while allowing your investments to grow tax-deferred for retirement.
2. Consider Roth Conversions Strategically
If your income allows, converting some of your traditional retirement accounts to a Roth IRA can make sense. You’ll pay taxes on the converted amount now, but future withdrawals from the Roth are tax-free. The key is to carefully time conversions—spreading them over multiple years can help avoid pushing yourself into a higher tax bracket.
3. Potential to Optimize Social Security Timing
Social Security benefits are taxable, but the portion that is taxed depends on your overall income. By strategically delaying benefits until age 70, you may increase your monthly benefit and potentially reduce the taxable portion if you can supplement income from other sources. Coordinating withdrawals from retirement accounts with Social Security timing can help minimize taxes over your lifetime.
4. Plan Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)
Once you turn 73, you must begin taking RMDs from most traditional retirement accounts. Failing to plan for RMDs can lead to unnecessarily high tax bills. Working with a financial planner to schedule withdrawals efficiently—perhaps converting to a Roth before RMD age—can reduce the tax bite and leave more assets for heirs.
5. Manage Investment Income
Capital gains and dividends can increase your tax bill in retirement. Strategies to manage taxes on investments include:
- Tax-loss harvesting: Offsetting gains with losses to reduce taxable income.
- Holding investments long-term: Long-term capital gains rates are lower than short-term rates.
- Using tax-efficient funds: Certain mutual funds and ETFs distribute fewer taxable gains.
6. Consider Charitable Giving Strategies
For those charitably inclined, making donations directly from an IRA using a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) can satisfy RMDs without adding to taxable income. Charitable contributions also provide deductions if you itemize, helping reduce your overall tax burden.
7. Work with a Tax-Savvy Financial Planner
Tax laws change frequently, and what works today may not be optimal tomorrow. A financial planner who understands retirement tax planning can create a comprehensive strategy that balances income needs, estate planning goals, and tax efficiency.
The Bottom Line
Taxes can be one of the largest expenses in retirement—but with careful planning, you can minimize their impact. By strategically using retirement account contributions, Roth conversions, Social Security timing, and other tax strategies, you can keep more of your hard-earned savings and enjoy a more secure and comfortable retirement. To talk about your retirement planning, contact a Vertex advisor at in**@************rs.com.
The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual.
Vertex Planning Partners and LPL Financial do not provide legal advice or tax services. Please consult your legal advisor or tax advisor regarding your specific situation.
Traditional IRA account owners have considerations to make before performing a Roth IRA conversion. These primarily include income tax consequences on the converted amount in the year of conversion, withdrawal limitations from a Roth IRA, and income limitations for future contributions to a Roth IRA. In addition, if you are required to take a required minimum distribution (RMD) in the year you convert, you must do so before converting to a Roth IRA.
